Mathematics: Class 1 — Chapter 4: Making 10

4.1 Dotty Bug and her Designs

Introduction to counting and number recognition using visual dot patterns.

Counting Dots: Identifying and writing the number of dots on ladybugs.
Subitization: Subitization is the instant recognition of a number of objects in a pattern without counting them one by one (e.g., recognizing dot patterns from $1$ to $9$).

4.2 Vanishing Buttons & The Concept of Zero

Understanding the concept of the number zero through a story of a monkey losing buttons.

Story of Gola Monkey: Starts with $4$ buttons, loses them one by one ($4 \rightarrow 3 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 1 \rightarrow 0$).
Concept of Zero: Zero ($0$) is a number that represents the complete absence of objects.
Think and Tell: Real-world examples of zero (e.g., number of suns visible at night, number of moons visible at noon).

4.3 Tenth Birthday & Making 10

Learning how the number $10$ is formed and counting up to $10$.

Making 10: $9$ and $1$ more makes $10$ ($9 + 1 = 10$).
Counting Objects: Practice counting various objects up to $10$ (diyas, beads, laddoos, crayons, bananas, leaves).
Ten Frames: Using a Ten Frame grid to represent numbers up to $10$ visually using buttons or beads.

4.4 Number Pairs of 5 and 10

Exploring combinations of numbers that add up to $5$ and $10$.

Identifying pairs of numbers separated by a stick that make $5$:

Using fingers on both hands to find pairs that sum to $10$ (Number Partitions of 10):

$1$ and $9$ ($1 + 9 = 10$)
$2$ and $8$ ($2 + 8 = 10$)
$3$ and $7$ ($3 + 7 = 10$)
$4$ and $6$ ($4 + 6 = 10$)
$5$ and $5$ ($5 + 5 = 10$)

4.5 Counting up to 20

Extending counting skills from $11$ to $20$ using groups of ten and additional units.

Base Ten Grouping: A box holds $10$ oranges. Adding single units to a group of $10$ forms numbers from $11$ to $20$:
- $10$ and $1$ is $11$ (Eleven)
- $10$ and $2$ is $12$ (Twelve)
- $10$ and $3$ is $13$ (Thirteen)
- $10$ and $4$ is $14$ (Fourteen)
- $10$ and $5$ is $15$ (Fifteen)
- $10$ and $6$ is $16$ (Sixteen)
- $10$ and $7$ is $17$ (Seventeen)
- $10$ and $8$ is $18$ (Eighteen)
- $10$ and $9$ is $19$ (Nineteen)
- $10$ and $10$ is $20$ (Twenty)
Number Sequencing: Writing and completing sequences of numbers from $11$ to $20$.

4.6 Comparing and Ordering Numbers

Developing number sense by comparing quantities and ordering numbers up to $20$.

Smallest and Biggest: Identifying the smallest or biggest number in a given set (e.g., in $\{8, 12, 6\}$, $6$ is the smallest; in $\{16, 19, 11\}$, $19$ is the biggest).
Ordering: Arranging numbers from the biggest to the smallest (descending order).
Group of Ten: Encircling groups of $10$ within a larger collection to make counting beyond $10$ easier.