Mathematics: Class 1 — Chapter 12: How Much Can We Spend ?

12.1 Introduction to Indian Currency

Riya and Sahil are learning to count money using different coins and notes.

Coins and Notes Denominations

We use various denominations of coins and currency notes for transactions:

Coins: $\text{₹}1$, $\text{₹}2$, $\text{₹}5$, and $\text{₹}10$
Notes: $\text{₹}10$, $\text{₹}20$, $\text{₹}50$, and $\text{₹}100$

12.2 Rahim Kaka — The Toy Seller

Understanding the cost of toys and calculating the money required to buy them.

Let us Do: Toy Shopping Problems

Problem A: One ball costs $\text{₹}20$.
- Riya gives 4 coins of $\text{₹}5$ for the ball ($4 \times 5 = 20$).
- Sahil gives 2 notes of $\text{₹}10$ for the ball ($2 \times 10 = 20$).
Problem B: Name the toys you can buy for $\text{₹}10$.
Problem C: Name the toys you can buy for $\text{₹}20$.
Problem D: If the cost of a car is $\text{₹}14$ and Riya has $\text{₹}10$ with her, how much more money does she need to buy the car?
$$\text{Required Money} = \text{₹}14 - \text{₹}10 = \text{₹}4$$
Problem E: Riya and Sahil together have $\text{₹}30$. Write the name of the toys which they can buy.

12.3 Let us Play: Shopping Game

An interactive classroom activity to understand transactions and counting money.

Activity: Find the Total Amount

Count the total value of the given combinations of coins and notes:

Combination 1: One $\text{₹}1$ coin, one $\text{₹}1$ coin, and one $\text{₹}5$ coin.
$$\text{Total} = \text{₹}1 + \text{₹}1 + \text{₹}5 = \text{₹}7$$
Combination 2: One $\text{₹}10$ note, and three $\text{₹}2$ coins.
$$\text{Total} = \text{₹}10 + \text{₹}2 + \text{₹}2 + \text{₹}2 = \text{₹}16$$
Combination 3: Three $\text{₹}5$ coins, and two $\text{₹}2$ coins.
$$\text{Total} = \text{₹}5 + \text{₹}5 + \text{₹}5 + \text{₹}2 + \text{₹}2 = \text{₹}19$$

Classroom Shopping Game

Make your own currency notes and coins using paper slips. Play a shopping game where some children act as shopkeepers and others as customers. Practice paying money in different combinations.

12.4 Combinations of Currency

Representing a specific amount of money using different combinations of coins and notes.

Examples of Combinations

To make $\text{₹}20$:
- Two $\text{₹}10$ notes
- One $\text{₹}10$ note and two $\text{₹}5$ coins
- Four $\text{₹}5$ coins
To make $\text{₹}10$:
- One $\text{₹}10$ note
- Two $\text{₹}5$ coins
- Five $\text{₹}2$ coins
To make $\text{₹}13$:
- One $\text{₹}10$ note, one $\text{₹}2$ coin, and one $\text{₹}1$ coin
- Two $\text{₹}5$ coins, one $\text{₹}2$ coin, and one $\text{₹}1$ coin
To make $\text{₹}8$:
- One $\text{₹}5$ coin, one $\text{₹}2$ coin, and one $\text{₹}1$ coin
- Four $\text{₹}2$ coins

12.5 Matching Amounts and Saving Money

Learning the value of saving money and identifying equivalent amounts.

Matching Equivalent Amounts

Group A: One $\text{₹}10$ note and one $\text{₹}5$ coin ($\text{₹}15$) matches with three $\text{₹}5$ coins ($\text{₹}15$).
Group B: One $\text{₹}5$ coin and one $\text{₹}2$ coin ($\text{₹}7$) matches with one $\text{₹}5$ coin and two $\text{₹}1$ coins ($\text{₹}7$).
Group C: Two $\text{₹}5$ coins and one $\text{₹}2$ coin ($\text{₹}12$) matches with one $\text{₹}10$ note and one $\text{₹}2$ coin ($\text{₹}12$).

Project Work: Making a Gullak

Saving money is a good habit. Discuss this with your family and classmates.

Activity: Try to make your own gullak (piggy bank) using a spare box at home with the help of your siblings or elders.